六级翻译总结(系列5篇)。
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六级翻译总结 篇1
六级翻译概论
1.翻译内容：
中国历史、文化、经济、社会发展。
2.重大语言错误：主干，时态。
3.解题步骤：
第一步：拆分句子
技巧：如果句子长度多于7个字，逗号独立成句
第二步：找主干，进行逐句翻译
第三步：检查
（1）检查拼写是否正确
（2）检查单复数是否正确、主谓是否一致（3）检查句子衔接
词汇词组翻译
1.词义选择
(1)根据上下文准确理解汉语词义 周边地区surrounding areas 理想的地方an ideal place 占主导地位play a leading role in/be dominated by(2)根据固定词组和搭配选择英语用词
西方服饰／民族服饰western clothing/national costume 可持续发展sustainable development 经济特区special ecnomiczone 试验田experimental plot 改革开放the reform and openning up 以人为本people-oriented “资源节约和环境友好型”社会resource-saing and environment-friendly society
2.词性转换
汉语的动词&英语的并列成分、非谓语动词、从句、名词、形容词（词组）等 Eg.促进节能减排
promote energy saving / conservation and emission reduction 3.词语增补(1)无主句
书到后（顾客）应立即付款
You are supposed to pay right after the books are delivered.(2)连词
（只要）留得青山在，（就）不怕没柴烧。
As long as the green hills are there, one need not worry about firewood.(3)介词
2006年
in 2006
4.词语省略
(1)范畴词（情况、工作、水平、局面、行为等）
approximately(2)修辞效果（华丽辞藻）
花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不完的的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。
The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent.(3)表达习惯 修改完善
modify …(to make it perfect去掉)
5.难词处理
(1)同/近义词；
(2)解释
政府应该提供资助给难民。
The government should provide financial support for people who are suffering from disasters.6.成语习语 eg.木已成舟
三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮(1)约定俗成的译法； The die is cast.Two heads are better than one.(2)根据原文直译
We are where we are.What's done is done.Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang, the mastermind
句子句法翻译
三种常考句型结构： 主谓宾：谁干了什么
主系表：什么是什么 / 什么怎么样 存在句：there be
一、主谓宾
中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收。▪主干
中国人庆祝丰收→主谓宾 ▪核心动词
庆祝→celebrate Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn Festival.二、主系表
旗袍（qipao）是一种雅致的中国服装。▪主干
旗袍是服装 → 主系表 ▪核心动词 是 → is
Qipao is a kind of elegant Chinese dress.三、存在句 有→
①拥有 have ②存在 there be
句子时态翻译
如何确定时态？
PK 现在完成时------杨国威 一、一般过去时
二、现在完成时
eg.联合国的“千年（millennium）发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。
The Millennium Development Goals of the U.N.either have been achieved or will be achieved soon in China.三、现在进行时 ▪基本用法
1、正在进行的动作或存在的状态 e.g.The boys are reading books.2、通常与now / at present / today / these days等时间状语连用。e.g.He is working at home today.▪ “正”、“正在”→ 动作正在发生 → 现在进行时 中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。【2016.06 CET6】 China's innovation is having a great boom at an unprecedented rate.中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究。【2016.06 CET6】
Universities and research institutes in China are actively carrying out innovative researches.中国造产品越来越受欢迎。【2015.12 CET6】
Products made in China are becoming more and more popular.句子语态翻译
尽量用被动语态翻译
1、被、受、为……所 “被”
▪被动语态基本结构：be动词 + 动词过去分词
▪被动语态的现在完成时态：has / have + been + 动词过去分词
至今已有约120个中文词被加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to it, becoming a part of English language.“受”
中国父母还认为，如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成就，父母就会受到尊重。Chinese parents also hold the belief（认为）that if their children could achieve great success in the society, tthe parents themselves would be respected.“为……所” 随着旅行多了，年轻人在大城市和著名景点花的时间少了，他们反而更为偏远的地方所吸引。
With more travel, young people spend less time in big cities and famous sights.Instead, they are attracted to more remote places.2、预计、据说、传说 “预计”
it is estimated that “据说”“传说”
据说他的风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天后才落地。
It is said that his kite, made of wood and bamboo, had been flying for three days before landing.“据报道”
It is reported that
3、人们
汉语句子里“人们”（有时会省略）有的时候是泛指，本身并不强调主语、动作主体“人们”，应处理为被动句。
人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联，对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。
Doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck.4、无标记词
很有可能这件商品是中国造的。
Chances are /It is probable that the product is made in China.宴席通常至少有一道汤，可以最先或最后上桌。
There is usually at least a bowl of soup, which could be served either at the beginning or at the end of the banquet.使用从句翻译
从句句型
定语从句
1.作用：对前面的名词进行修饰限定 2.引导词：
关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词：where, why, when, 介词 + which 另外，北京还将更严厉地处罚违反限排规定的行为。
In addition, Beijing will punish those who violate the regulations of emission limitation more severely.非限制性定语从句
逗号（句号）+ 此、这、那、这种、那种、是、其、其中，有些 → which, whose, some of which 他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收。这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似。
Since the ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America.状语从句
1.作用：在句中作状语
具体可细分为：时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等从句 2.引导词： 时间
when, as, while, since, as soon as … 让步
although, though, even if, even though … 条件
if, unless, as long as … 原因
because, as, since, for …
宾语从句
1.作用：在复合句中充当宾语 2.引导词：
▪ that--有时可省略 ▪if / whether ▪特殊疑问词（what, why, when …）
主语从句
1.作用：在复合句中充当主语 2.引导词：均不能省略 ▪that ▪whether ▪特殊疑问词（what, why, when …）▪it
表语从句
1.作用：在句中充当表语 2.引导词： ▪that ▪whether ▪特殊疑问词（what, why, when …）
同位语从句
我该不该辞职，这个问题需要考虑。
The question whether I should quit my job requires consideration.使用非谓翻译
非谓语动词的分类 1.动词不定式 2.动名词
3.分词（现在分词、过去分词）
非谓语动词的用法
——作主语（可以用it作形式主语）▪不定式
确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。
To ensure the survival of the giant panda is more important than ever.▪动名词
踢足球对你的健康有益。
Playing football is good for your health.[现在分词和过去分词均不能做句子中的主语]
——作宾语（可以用it作形式宾语）▪不定式
最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。
Recently, the Chinese government has decided to upgrade its industry.▪动名词
一些有影响的人士甚至建议将旗袍作为中国女性的民族服饰。
Some influential figures even suggest making Qipao a national costume for Chinese women.——作定语 ▪不定式
由于其独特的地位，深圳也是国内外企业家创业的理想之地。
Due to its unique status, the city is also an ideal place for the entrepreneurs at home and abroad to start up their businesses.▪动名词
春节期间阅览室仍对外开放。
The reading room will remain open during the Spring Festival.渔村 a fishing village ▪现在分词
与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。
Meanwhile, in order to adapt to the demand of domestic and overseas consumer markets which is constantly changingand growing … ▪过去分词
中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。
A typical Chinese banquet menu includes cold dishes served at the beginning, followed by hot dishes, such as meat, poultry, vegetables and so on.作状语
▪不定式（表目的）
他们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。
They are also working collaboratively with science and technology parks in different places to commercialize their innovative achievements.▪现在分词（表原因）
它最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。
Being the first dynasty to open the door to other cultures, it excelled in foreign trade.▪过去分词（表条件）
再给我五分钟，我也可以答出这个问题。Given another five minutes, I can also work out this problem.翻译高分案例
The ideal of rural life reflected in the arts and literature is an important feature of Chinese civilization, which, to a large extent, can be attributed to Taoist affection towards nature.There are two favorite themes in traditional Chinese paintings.One theme depicts various happy scenes of family life, in which, more often than not, the elderly drink tea and play chess, men sow and reap in the fields, women weave cloth and sew clothes, and children play outside.The other theme illustrates all the pleasure you can have living in the countryside.积累---竭力
try one's best to strive to go all out to
屈从 follow 意愿 wishes
报名 sign up / apply / enroll 重点学校 key schools 录取 be accepted by 坚持 insist stick to
be willing to do 愿意做
顾及 take into consideration
creditable adj.值得称赞的（≈ worth praising）
attach importance to 重视（≈ take … seriously）
The government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, improve educational opportunities and
medical insurance, and expand social security.政府已设定目标减少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和医保的机会，并扩大社会保障。
▪物质文化遗产 tangible cultural heritage ▪非物质文化遗产 intangible cultural heritage
六级翻译总结 篇2
一、词类转译技巧
在翻译过程中,有些句子可以逐词对译,有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同,就不能逐词对译,只能将词类进行转译之后,方可使译文显得通顺、自然;对词类转译技巧的运用须从四个方面加以注意。
1、转译成动词。
英语中的某些名词、介词、副词,翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。
The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way.
没有专门的排泄系统,可用同样的方式加以说明。(名词转译)
As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.
他跑出去时,忘记了穿鞋子。
2、转译成名词。
英语中的某些动词、形容词,翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词。
The earth on which we live is shaped a ball.
我们居住的地球,形状象一个大球。(动词转译)
The doctor did his best to cure the sick and the wounded.
医生尽了最大的努力来治疗病号和伤员。(形容词转换)
3
、转译成形容词。
英语中有些作表语或宾语的抽象名词,以及某些形容词派生的名词,往往可转译成汉语中的形容词。另外,当英语动词转译成汉语名词时,原来修饰该动词的副词也往往随之转译成汉语中的形容词。
It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water.
使用雷达探测水下目标是没有用的。(作表语的名词转译)
The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man.
太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。(副词转译)
4、转译成副词。
英语中的某些名词、形容词,翻译时可转译成汉语中的副词。
When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.
只要一发现有可能反对他的人,他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这些人争取过来。(名词转译)
二、词义的选择和引申技巧
英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中,我们在弄清原句结构后,就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧,以使所译语句自然流畅,完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手:
1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义
They are as like as two peas.
他们相似极了。(形容词)
He likes mathematics more than physics.
他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。(动词)
Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals.
小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。(名词)
2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。
He is the last man to come.
他是最后来的。
He is the last person for such a job.
他最不适合这个工作。
He should be the last man to blame.
怎么也不该怪他。
This is the last place where I expected to meet you.
我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。
词义引申是我们英译汉时常用的.技巧之一。翻译时,有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义,如果任意硬套或逐词死译,就会使译文生硬晦涩,不能确切表达原意,甚至会造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该词的根本含义出发,进一步加以引申,可以从三个方面来加以考虑。
词义转译。当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时,应根据上下文和逻辑关系,引申转译。
The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat.
太阳能主要以光和热的形式传到地球。
词义具体化。根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较笼统的词引申为词义较具体的词。
The last stage went higher and took the Apollo into orbit round the earth.
最后一级火箭升得更高,把“阿波罗号”送进围绕地球运行的轨道。
词义抽象化。根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较具体的词引申为词义较抽象的词,或把词义较形象的词引申为词义较一般的词。
Every life has its roses and thorns.
每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
三、汉译的增词技巧
英译汉时,有时需要意义上、修辞上或句法上的需要加一些词,使译文更加忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容;但是,增加的并不是无中生有,而是要增加原文中虽无其词却有其意的一些词,这是英译汉中常用的 的技巧之一。增词技巧一般分作两种情况。
1、根据意义上或修辞上的需要,可增加下列七类词。
Flowers bloom all over the yard.
朵朵鲜花满院盛开。(增加表示名词复数的词)
After the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitor, he went home tiredly.
在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后,他疲倦地回到了家里。(增加动词)
He sank down with his face in his hands.
他两手蒙着脸,一屁股坐了下去。(增加副词)
I had known two great social systems.
那以前,我就经历过两大社会制度。(增加表达时态的词)
As for me, I didn't agree from the very beginning.
我呢,从一开始就不赞成。(增加语气助词)
The article summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.
本文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭这三方面的新成就。(增加概括词)
2、根据句法上的需要增补一此词汇。
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确。(增补原文句子中所省略的动词)
All bodies on the earth are known to possess weight.
大家都知道地球上的一切物质都肯有重量。(增补被动句中泛指性的词)
四、正反、反正汉译技巧
正反、反正汉译技巧是指翻译时突破原文的形式,采用变换语气的办法处理词句,把肯定的译成否定的,把否定的译成肯定的。运用这种技巧可以使译文更加合乎汉语规范或修辞要求,且不失原意。这种技巧可分五个方面加以陈述。
1、肯定译否定
The above facts insist on the following conclusions.
上述事实使人们不能不得出以下结论。
2、否定译肯定
She won't go away until you promise to help her.
她要等你答应帮助以后才肯走。
3、双否定译肯定
There can be no sunshine without shadow.
有阳光就有阴影。
但是,如果翻译时保留英语原来的“否定之否定”的形式并不影响中文的流畅时,则应保留的目的还可突出原文中婉转的语气。如He is not unequal to the duty . 他并非不称职。
4、正反移位
I don't think he will come.
我认为他不会来了。
5、译为部分否定
Not all minerals come from mines.
并非所有矿物都来自矿山。
六级翻译总结 篇3
一、倍数增减的表示法
1)Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).answer: is 2.5 times greater than Force N2（考点：倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than）
2)This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).answer: reacts 3 times as fast as the other one.（考点：倍数 + as + 形容词/副词 + as）
3)The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).answer: is 49 times the size of the moon.（考点：倍数 + 名词）
4)The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一).answer: wants to raise the rent by a third.（考点：动词 + by + 数词/百分比/倍数）5)They _______________(计划将投资增加一倍).answer: plan to double their investment.（考点：double + 名词）
二、时态
1)Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).or the wedding will have finished when we get to the church.（考点：将来完成时）
2)When she got home, _______________(孩子们已经睡着了).the chilren had fallen asleep.（考点：过去完成时）
3)When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).my sister will taking her vacation at the seaside.（考点：将来进行时）
4)I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).have been revising my resume all the morning.（考点：现在完成进行时）
5)Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).No, It has been 5 years since I went on holiday.（考点：It has been „ since sb.did sth.表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了）
6)He joined the army in October, 2001._______________(他参军已五年了).He has been in the army for 5 years.（考点：1.现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间）
三、被动语态
1)The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).is being replaced by the computer and the projector.（考点：被动语态的现在进行时）
2)The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版).will have been published by the end of this year.（考点：被动语态的将来完成时）
3)Computer models _______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work.（考点：1.被动语态与情态动词联用;2.汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态）
4)When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).I was shocked, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated.（考点：汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态)5)_______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.Effective measures must be taken immidiately（考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态）
四、情态动词
1)The phone is ringing, _______________(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).but there is no answer.She can't be at home.（考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，can’t 表示“一定不”）
2)I can’t find my sunglasses._______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).I might have left them in the coffee shop yesterday.（考点：“情态动词can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断）
3)You screamed in your sleep last night._______________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).you must have dreamed of something terrible.（考点：“情态动词can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断）
4)It’s a pity._______________(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony.（考点：“情态动词should/ought to + have done” 用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评的意思）
5)_______________(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的);most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.I needn't have put on my best suit to go to the party.（考点：“情态动词needn’t + have + done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生”，“不必做”）
五、虚拟语气
1)I wish _______________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).I had had your opportunities when I was young.（考点：I wish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望）2)If only _______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)!Then he would not have killed himself.he had known his disease is curable（考点：If only 引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是„„就好了”，用法与 I wish„基本相同）
3)—— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? —— I’d rather he _______________(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).painted it blue, and without any decorations.（考点：would rather 后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实）
4)It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams.（考点：It’s(about/high)time 后的that从句中用过去式，表示“该是„„的时候了”）5)Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).as if he were delivering a speech at an assembly.（考点：as if / as though引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑）
6)We insist that _______________(让杰克立刻进医院).Jack(should)be sent to hospital right now.（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的宾语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式）
7)It was advised that _______________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).more mobile shops should be set up in the residential area.（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式）
8)His proposal was that _______________(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).they should set up a special commitee to examine this problem.（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式）
9)We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考试).the mid-term exams should be canceled.（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式）
[表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有：advise(advice), agree(agreement), decide(decision), decree, demand, determine(determination), grant, indicate(indication), insist(insistence), order, prefer(preference), propose(proposal), request, require(requirement), resolve(resolution), stipulate(stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常见的这类动词还有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等] 10)It is ridiculous that _______________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).we(should)be short of water in a country where it is always raining.（考点：在It is/was +形容词后的that从句中常用“sb.should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。这类形容词常见的有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing等）11)It is essential that _______________(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).everyone should be prepared well for emergency.（考点：同上）
12)_______________(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.If he had booked tickets in the way I told him（考点：在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反）
13)I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的话打断了).if I had not been interrupted.（考点：同上）
14)It didn’t rain last night._______________(要是下了，地就会湿的).If it had rained, the ground would be wet.（考点：在非真实条件句中，当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时，就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式）
15)_______________(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S.well now.If I had been living in New York(考点：同上)
16)If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他现在就不在人间了).he would be dead now.(考点：同上)17)But for his help, _______________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).we could not have rent a house at such a low price.（考点：but for经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语）
18)I used my calculator;_______________(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).otherwise, It woule have taken me more time to work out his question.（考点：otherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语）
19)Were I in your place, _______________(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).I would size the opportunity without hesitation.（考点：在非真实条件句中如果有were, had, should这三个词，可以省去if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件）
20)Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(这项法案早就通过了).this act would have been passed much earlier.（考点：同上）
21)Should there be another world war, _______________(人类的继续存在就会有危险).the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy.（考点：同上）
22)He walked lightly _______________(以免惊醒婴儿).lest he should awake the baby.（考点：lest(以免)引导的从句通常用sb.should do的形式表示虚拟）
六、不定式
1)It was a great achievement _______________(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).to complete a 24-story building in 10 months.（考点：不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面）
2)It is necessary _______________(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).for us to have a good night's sleep before the test.（考点：有时用“介词for + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等）
3)It is generous _______________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area.（考点：有时用“介词of + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless，cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等）
4)The teacher decided _______________(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).not to punish those students who had been late for class.（考点：1.用不定式结构作decide的宾语；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not）（能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish）
5)Mr.Green was wondering _______________(是否去看望在法国的儿子).whether to visit their son in French.考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等）
6)The gardener _______________(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).warned me just now not to water flowers at noon.（考点：不定式作宾语补语）
7)We _______________(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).invited him to give us a lecture on modern art.（考点：同上）
8)He feels it challenging _______________(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).to be the chairman of students' union in so large a university（考点：动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + 不定式。it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语）9)We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).to apply what we have learned in class to practice.（考点：不定式作定语）
（不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语：ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等）
10)The bad weather _______________(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划).ruined our plan to show the film in the open air（考点：同上）
11)The environmentalists are against _______________(在郊区建一座核电站的决定).the desicion to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs.（考点：同上）
12)Sally Ride was the first _______________(探索外部空间的美国妇女).American woman to explore the outer space.（考点：由only, last, next，序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语）13)They lifted a rock _______________(结果砸了自己的脚).only to drop it on their own feet.（考点：不定式作结果状语）
14)He was surprised _______________(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学).to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village.（考点：不定式作原因状语）
15)I am sorry _______________(占用了您这么多时间).to have taken up so much of your time（考点：1.不定式作原因状语；2.不定式的完成时）
16)I happened _______________(在他冲进来的时候站在门口).to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in（考点：不定式的进行式）
17)She doesn’t like _______________(被当作客人).to be treated as a guest.（考点：不定式的被动形式）
18)If you want to save money, you’d better _______________(到校园书店买旧书).go to the campus bookstore to buy used books.（考点：不带to的不定式）
19)We did nothing _______________(除了整天打桥牌).but play bridge the whole day.（考点：同上）
20)We were made _______________(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room（考点：当动词see, make, hear等用于被动语态时，不定式要保留to）
七、分词
1)This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).“Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian（考点：分词作宾语补语）
（catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch等动词常用分词形式作宾语补语）
2)The cars _______________(停在消防通道的)will be ticketed.parked in the fire lane（考点：分词作定语）
3)The war went on for years, _______________(夺去了成千上万人的生命).killing thousands upon thousands of people.（考点：分词作结果状语）
4)The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(将平均产量提高了15%).raising the average yield by 15 percent.（考点：同上）
5)Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推导出它的运转原理).trying to deduce its operating principle.（考点：分词作伴随状语）
6)_______________(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study.Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book（考点：分词作原因状语）
7)_______________(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education.Deeply moved by the boy's deeds（考点：同上）
8)_______________(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.Seen from the eyes of a young friend（考点：分词作方式状语）
9)_______________(好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them.Not having heard from his parents for a long time（考点：1.分词作原因状语；2.分词的否定形式；3.现在分词的完成式）
八、动名词
1)_______________(每天洗冷水澡)does him a lot of good.Taking a cold bath every day（考点：动名词作主语）
2)They tried to avoid _______________(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).making their daugher do what she didn't like to do
（考点：动名词作动词的宾语）
（下列动词后的宾语只能是动名词而不能是不定式：admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, can’t help, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, can’t stand, stop, suggest）
3)Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我们的产品进入国际市场).getting our goods into the international market（考点：动名词作介词的宾语）
4)It is no use _______________(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).crying over spilled milk.（考点：动名词用于固定结构。动名词经常与以下词组连用：be worth, have difficulty(in), it be no good/use/worthwhile, there be no need/no point in, how/what about, what’s the point of, what’s the use of）
5)He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的试卷).having peeked at his neighbor's test paper（考点：动名词的完成式）
6)We congratulated her on _______________(被提升为经理).being promoted to manager（考点：动名词的被动式）
九、非谓语动词用法区别
1)Success means _______________(非常努力地工作).working very hard（考点：mean表示“意味着”）
2)John meant _______________(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障).to drive there, but his car broke down（考点：mean表示“打算”）
（类似需要区别的动词还有forget, remember, regret, go on, stop等）3)I heard him _______________(在跟他的母亲谈话).talking to his mother（考点：强调正在进行）
4)I heard him _______________(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时).talk to his mother for an hour（考点：强调整个过程）
5)He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(结果却摔断了自己的腿).only to break his own leg.（考点：意料之外的结果）
6)He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔断了双腿).breaking his legs（考点：意料之中的结果）
7)He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).to see his parents in good health（考点：不定式作原因状语位于句末）
8)_______________(看到父母安然无恙), he issued a sigh of relief.Seeing his parents safe and sound（考点：分词作原因状语位于句首）
9)_______________(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.Following its footprints（考点：现在分词强调主动）
10)The pop, _______________(后面跟着两个保镖), came to meet his fans.followed by two bodyguards（考点：过去分词强调被动）
十、名词从句
1)_______________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南)is still a secret.why they left their hometown for Yun Nan（考点：主语从句）
2)_______________(最让我不解的)was that he spoke English so well.What confused me most（考点：同上）
3)_______________(这么做是故意的)became obvious.That this was done on purpose（考点：同上）
4)It is not clear yet _______________(谁应该为这件事负责).who should be responsible for this mater（考点：较长的主语从句可以后置，用it作形式主语）
5)It is none of your business _______________(玛丽与谁订婚).whom Mary is engaged to（考点：同上）
6)Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).what can be done today（考点：宾语从句）
7)This novel is just _______________(我一直在寻找的).what I have been looking for（考点：表语从句）
8)It is not yet known _______________(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision（考点：whether/if引导后置的主语从句）
9)_______________(她是否喜欢那个礼物)is not clear to me.whether she likes the present（考点：whether引导前置的主语从句）
10)My main problem right now is _______________(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款).whether I should ask for another loan（考点：whether引导表语从句）
11)It all depends on _______________(他们是否会支持我们).whether they will support us（考点：whether引导宾语从句）
12)You have yet to answer my question _______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).whether I can count on your vote（考点：whether引导同位语从句,whether不可以替换为if）
13)Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).that the Goverment could do nothing to raise their wages.（考点：同位语从句）
14)Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席会同意他的提议).that the chairman would agree his proposal.（考点：同上）
十一、定语从句
1)Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).the house where LuXun was born（考点：先行词为地点，定语从句通常由where引导）
2)The old lady died _______________(在她儿子到达的那天).on the day when his son arrived.（考点：先行词为时间，定语从句通常由when引导）
3)This is _______________(我赞成这一改革的理由).the reason why I am in favor of this reform（考点：先行词为reason，定语从句通常由why引导）4)Let ABC be _______________(一个三边不等长的三角形).a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length.（考点：whose引导的定语从句）
5)Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).which made our journey more difficult（考点：非限制性定语从句）
6)He introduced me to his students, _______________(他们大部分是英语专业的学生).most of whom were English majors（考点：同上）
7)_______________(众所周知), water is a liquid.As is known to all（考点：as 引导的定语从句）
十二、状语从句
1)_______________(不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings polities into the discussion.whatever we talk about（考点：让步状语从句）
2)_______________(不管哪一方获胜), I shall be satisfied.whichever side wins（考点：同上）
3)_______________(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him（考点：同上）
4)We climbed high _______________(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).so that we might get a better view（考点：目的状语从句）
5)The problem so very complicated _______________(花了我们两个周才解决).that it took us two weeks to solve it（考点：结果状语从句）
6)You can go out _______________(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night（考点：条件状语从句）
7)I remember the whole thing _______________(仿佛是昨天发生的).as if it happened yesterday（考点：方式状语从句）
十三、比较级最高级
1)Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一样地优美)? as gracefully as her sister（考点：同级比较）
2)The buildings look _______________(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多).far uglier in London than here（考点：用副词或词组来修饰比较级）
3)This is _______________(他画的最好的画之一).one of the best pictures that he has ever painted.（考点：最高级）
4)The higher you climb, _______________(空气就越稀薄).the thinner the air becomes（考点：“越„„越„„”结构）
十四、倒装句
1)Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒).when a knock at the door awakened her（考点：Hardly„when„结构）
2)No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).than he fell ill.（考点：No sooner„than„结构）
3)The husband was not hospitable to the visitor._______________(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).Nor did the wife say a word of welcome.（考点：nor表示“后者与前者一样地不„„”）
4)Only then _______________(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery（考点：only引导的状语位于句首，句子倒装）
5)Only when you adjust down your price _______________(我们才能做成这笔买卖).can we conclude the business（考点：同上）
十五、强调句
1)_______________(正是Jefferson写下了)the Declaration of Independence.It was Jefferson who wrote（考点：强调主语）
2)_______________(作者是带着真挚的情感)praises all that is progressive.It is with genuine feeling that the author（考点：强调状语）
3)_______________(正是因为水涨了)we could not cross the river.It is because the water had risen that（考点：强调状语从句）
4)_______________(人们听见正是Jim 这个无情的家伙)shouting at his mother in the dead of night.It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard（考点：强调主语）
5)_______________(直到我告诉她)Mrs.Williams knew anything about it.It was not until I told her that（考点：强调状语从句）
六级翻译总结 篇4
翻译总结 2010、6
1、It never occurs to their only son（他们的独生儿子从未想过）to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties.2、Before you take any action,please remember to weigh the possible outcome of your decision.（权衡你的决定会产生的后果）
3、He assured his friend that under no circumstances would he break the promise of returning the money.（他会违背还钱的承诺）
4、Most educations advise that kids should not addict in computer games.（不要沉溺于电脑游戏）
5、Business major as he is ,he has never considered to working as a salesperson.（从未考虑过从事推销员的工作）2009、12
1、How long does a jacket like this last time?------It depends on how often you wear it（这要看你多长时间穿一次）
2、The theory he advanced has proved a challenge to many traditional concepts/notions.（对许多传统概念的一种挑战）
3、The manager could have attended the meeting in person/himself.（本可以亲自参加会议），but he was called away for some urgent business abroad.4、Both research an practical experience have shown that a balanced diet is indispensable to health.（均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的）
5、Much regret as I felt（我感到遗憾），I was unable to finish the work on time.2009、6
1、With the oil prices ever rising,she tried talk him out of buying a car.（说服他不买车）
2、Keeping a sense of humor helps to（保持幽默感有助于）reduce stress and promote creative thinking in today`s competitive society.3、When confronted with the evidence,he had no choice but to confess his criminal behavior.（他不得不坦白自己的罪行）
4、When people say,“I can feel my ears burning,”it means they think there must be someone who is speaking ill of them（一定有人在说他们的坏话）
5、She has decided to go on a diet,but finds it hard to resist the temptation of ice cream.（很难抵抗冰淇淋的诱惑）2008、12
1、He designed the suspension bridge,which combined beauty and function perfectly.（把美观与功能完美地结合起来）
2、It was very dark,but Mary seemed to know which way to take instinctively/by instinct.（本能地知道该走哪条路）
3、I don`t think in advisable that parents deprive children of their freedom（剥夺孩子们的自由）to spend their spare time as they wish.4、Older adults who have a high level of daily activities have come energy and a lower death rate than/compare with those who do not.（与不那么活跃的人相比较死亡率更低）
5、Your resume should attract a would-be boss`s attention by demonstrating why you are the best candidate for a certain position.（为什么你是某个特定职位的最佳人选）2008、6
1、We can say a lot of things about those who contribute their life to poems（毕生致力于诗歌的人）:they are passions,impulsive,and unique
2、Mary could not have received my letter,otherwise/or she would have replied to me last week.（否则他上周就该回信了）
3、Nancy is supposed to have finished the chemical experiments（做完化学实验）at least two weeks ago.4、Never once did the old couple quarrel with each other.（老两口互相争吵）since they were married 40 years ago.5、To a great extent,the future prosperity of a country depends on /upon（一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于）the quality of education of its people.2007、12
1、But for mobile phones,our communication would not have been so rapid and convenient.（我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便）
2、In handling an embarrassing situation,nothing is more helpful than a sense of humour.（没有什么比幽默感更有帮助的了）
3、The Foreign Minister said he was resigning,but he refused further explain the reason（但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因）
4、Human behaviour is mostly a product of learning,while the animal behaviour mostly depends on their instinct.（而动物的行为主要依靠本能）
5、The witness was told that under no circumstances should he lie to the court.（他都不应该对法庭说谎）
2006 12
1、If you had followed my sincere advice/suggestion,you would not have been in trouble（听从我的忠告，你就不会陷入麻烦）
2、With tears on her face,the lady watched her injured son being sent into the surgery/emergency room（看着她受伤的儿子被送进手术室）
3、After the terrorist attack,tourists have been advised/suggested not to visit/tour that country（被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）
4、I prefer to communicate with my customers by/via/through e-mail instead of telephone.（通过写电子邮件而不是打电话）
5、Not until the deadline,did he sent out（直到截止日他才寄出）his application form.
六级翻译总结 篇5
五、汉译的重复技巧
重复技巧是英译汉中的一种必不可少的翻译技巧。由于英译汉时往往需要重复原文中的某些词才能使译文表达明确具体;又由于英汉语言结构不同,重复的手段和作用也往往不尽相同,大致可分为三种。
1、为了明确
I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.
我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备了故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障(重复名词)
Under ordinary conditions of pressure, water becomes ice at 0℃ and steam at 100℃.
在常压下,水在摄氏零度时变成冰,在摄氏一百度时变成蒸汽。(重复动词)
A locality has its own over-all interest, a nation has another and the earth get another.
一个地方有一个地方的全局利益,一个国家有一个国家的全局利益,地球有地球的全局利益(重复谓语部分)
2、为了强调
He wandered along the street, thinking and thinking brooding and brooding.
他在街头游来荡去,想了又想,盘算了又盘算。
3、为了生动
While stars and nebulae look like specks or small patches of light. They are really enormous bodies.
星星和星云看起来只是斑点点,或者是小片的光,但它们确实是巨大的天体。
六、倒译技巧
英汉词句组成和排列的顺序千差万别,因此英译汉时作些调整,颠倒一下顺序,则是一种极为常见的翻译技巧,这种翻译技巧共分五种类型。
1、复合句倒译技巧。复合句倒译可分为部分倒译和完全倒译两种技巧。
This university has 6 newly established faculties, namely, Electronic Computer, High Energy Physics, Laser, Geo-physics, Remote Sensing, and Genetic Engineering.
这所大学现在有电子计算机、高能物理、激光、地球、物理、遥感技术、遗传工程等六个新建的.专业。(部分倒译)
Many laws of nature actually exist in nature though they have not yet been discovered.
虽然许多自然规律还没被发现,但是它们确实在自然界中存在。(完全倒译)
2、被动句倒译的技巧。被动句倒译时,有时可将被动句倒译成主动句,有时可将状语倒译成主语。
The structure of an atom can be accurately described though we cannot see it.
虽然我们看不见原子结构,但能准确地描述它。(被动句倒译成主动句)
Table tennis is played all over China.
中国到处都打乒乓球。(状语倒译成主语)
3、以否定型副词或条件副词开头的句子的部分倒译技巧。
能引起这种倒译的副词有no ,never ,hardly ,no longer . in no way ,not until ,not even ,only 等。
Never before have I read such an interesting book.
我从来没有读过这样有趣的书。
4、带有介词短语句子的部分倒译技巧
These data
will be of some value in our research work.
这些资料对于我们的研究工作有些价值。
5、习语的倒译技巧。
习语的倒译可分为按照汉语的固定顺序倒译和从轻重上加以区分进行倒译以及逆时间顺序进行倒译三种技巧。
For its last 600 miles the Yellow River flows eastwards through the flat, fertile, North China Plain, which is densely populated.
黄河最后的六百英里,向东流过平坦肥沃、人口密集的华北平原。(按照汉语的固定顺序倒译)
Heal the wounded, rescue the dying, practice revolutionary humanitarianism.
救死扶伤,实行革命的人道主义。(以轻重上区分进行倒译)
We have to be quick of eye and deft of hand.
我们必须眼疾手快。(逆时间顺序倒译)
七、分句、合句汉译技巧
英译汉时,由于两种语言的句子结构大不相同而往往需要改变一下句子结构以适应于汉语的表达习惯。采用分句、合句进行翻译的作法正是为了达到这种目的而运用的一种重要技巧。所谓分句,就是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子;所谓合名,就是指把原文的两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。运用这种分句、合句的汉译技巧可以使译文层次分明,更合乎于汉语的表达习惯。分句流译的技巧共分五种类型,合句汉译的技巧共分三种类型。先谈谈分句汉译技巧的五种类型。
1、主语分句汉译技巧。
A man spending twelve days on the moon would find, on returning to the earth, that a year had passed by already.
一个人如果在月亮上度过了十二天,回到地球以后就会发现一年已经过去了。
2、谓语分句汉译技巧。
It goes without saying that oxygen is the most active element in the atmosphere.
不言而喻,氧气是大气中最活跃的元素。
3、定语分句汉译技巧
He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each.
他居然种出了二百个神奇的西红柿,每个重达两磅。
4、状语分句汉译技巧
Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness and choking the shadows.
阳光射入了它所能透过的地方,赶走了黑暗,驱散了幽影。
5、同位语分句汉译技巧。
Mary normally a timid girl, argued heated with them about it.
玛丽平常是个腼腆的姑娘,现在也热烈地和他们辩论起来。
八、句子成份的转译技巧
英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,在具体英译汉时,有时往往需要转换一下句子成分,才能使译达到逻辑正确、通顺流畅、重点突出等目的。句子成分转译作为翻译的一种技巧,其内容和形式都比较丰富,运用范围也相当广泛,共包括五个方面的内容。（547118.cOm 精选范文网）
1、主语转译技巧,可以将句子的主语转译成汉语中的定语、宾语、状语等。
The wings are responsible for keeping the sir plane in the air.
机翼的用途是使飞机在空中保持不坠。(转译成定语)
To get all the stages off the ground, a first big push is needed.
为了使火箭各级全部离开地面,需要有一个巨大的首拨推力。(转译成宾语)
Machinery has made the products of manufactories very much cheaper than formerly.
因为机械生产,工厂里出的产品比起以前来,价格便宜多了。(转译成状语)
2、谓语转译技巧。可以将谓语转译成定语。
Radar works in very much the same way as the flashlight.
雷达的工作原理和手电筒极为类似。
3、宾语转译技巧。可以将宾语转译成主语。
Automatic lathes perform basically similar functions but apper in a varitety of forms.
各种自动车床的作用基本相同,但形式不同
4、定语转译技巧。定语可以转译成谓语和状语。
Neutron has a mass slightly larger than that of proton.
中子的质量略大于质子的质量。(转译成谓语)
Scientists in that county are now supplied with necessary books, equipment and assistant, that will ensure success in their scientific research.
现在已给该县科学家提供了必要的图书、仪器和助手,以保证科研工作的成功。(转译成状语)
5、状语转译技巧。
状语转译一般指的是状语从句的转译。它可分作把时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句,把地点状语从转译成条件状语从句和把原因状语从句转译成困果偏正复句中的主语等三种形式。
These three colors, red, green, and violet, when combined, produced white.
红色、绿色和紫色这三种颜色如果合在一起就变成白色。(时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句)
Where there is nothing in the path of beam of light, nothing is seen.
如果光束通道上没有东西,就什么也看不到。(地点状语从句转译成条件状语从句)
Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.
他深信这件事正确可靠,因此坚持已见。(原因状语从句转译成因果偏正复合句中的主句)
以上的8大翻译技巧,大家仔细看过后,希望可以顺利通过六级翻译关,最后祝愿在即将到来的六级考试中取得好的成绩!
